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External Links:

german: Wie anfällig sind die neuen Freiburger Spätburgunder-Klone gegen Botrytis? (DBW 12/2004)

german: Was tut sich bei Spätburgunder Klonen! (DBW 12/2006)

german: Was tut sich bei Spätburgunder Klonen! (DBW 01/2007)

german: Teils sehr ungleiche Abreife (DBW 03/2008)

Pinot Noir

Origin:

Pinot noir belongs to the Pinot family. The differnces to Pinot gris and Pinot blanc are that small, that they can only be divided by the colour of the berries.These Pinot varieties are very popular in the Burgundy region in France, from where the came to nearly every wine growing region of the world. Pinot noir is called the king of the cool climate red wine varieties.

Synonyms:

Spätburgunder, Blauburgunder, Klevner

Requirements to the vineyard site:

Pinot noir needs in cool climate regions good slopes to get really ripe, otherwise the acidity will keep to high. The differences between day and night temperatures will give Pinot noir his excellent flavour. 

Spread:

Pinot noir is the most famous red wine variety of the cool climate wine regions. It can be found in most of the wine growing regions of the world. Most plantings are in France, Germany, Austria, North America and northern Italy. Also in a lot of sparkling wine Pinot noir is used (e.g. Champagne).

Clones:

Pinot noir is a very mutable variety, so there are a lot of different clones with really different characteristics. The new aims for new clones for wines are small or mixed size berries so that the bunches are loose and more or less botrytis resistant. 

The Clones can be divided in the following groups:

traditional clones

Loose bunch clones

mixed size berries

small clustered and tight

Pinot droit types

Mariafeld types

not-Mariafeld types

tight

sligthly loose

FR 52-86

FR 12 L

Gm 1er

Gm 20er

115

FR 17er

FR 16er

F 105

FR 13 L

 

FR 14er

777

Gm 2er

 

F 105-S

We M1

 

FR 18er

828

 

 

Classic

We M 242

 

 

FR 19er

 

 

Charisma

 

 

 

FR 10

 

 

Vision

 

 

 

 

 

 

20 Gm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Traditional clones

As traditional clones we call clones which have the well known Pinot noir grape shape (big bunches, dense). Some of these clones were called standard clones in germany, because the were planted very often. 

 

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FR 52-86

This clone of the Weinbauinstitut in Freiburg was the most planted clone in Baden until middle of the ninties. A good quantity and very good wine quality were the main reson for this. The main disadvantage, high susceptibility to Botrytis were the reason for the end of this period. If you are able to minimize the Botrytis problem with measures like bunch dividing or the use of giberellic acid, it is, because of the good wine quality, still a very good option.

 

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F 105

This is an older clone of the german Pinot noir clonal breeder Frank. It is still one of his clones with the loosest bunches, but in years with bad weather at flowering time, it has great problems with coulure. In the last years it was nearly completely replaced by the successive clone Frank 105-S.

 

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Frank 105-S

It is a selection of the older clone Frank 105 which was in the beginning called F 105/54.

Until about 2006 it was nearly a standard clone in the Baden wine growing region and also in Germany. It is, concerning yield and sugar content, quite close to the clone FR 52-86 but with definitely less problems with Botrytis.

 

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Frank Classic

This is a selection of the old clone Frank 106. This was a clone with big berries and very dense bunches, so it had big problems with Botrytis. Because of this Frank 106 is no longer planted.  The bunches of this new clone Frank classic are definitely looser then Frank 106. Sometimes it takes a few years unles the clone show this looseness.

 

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Frank Charisma

This is a selection out of Frank 105. It is quite similar to the clone Frank 105-S. Only in question of yield it seems that Frank Charisma produces a bit less. In the beginning this selection was called F 105/7/3.

 

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Frank Vision

This is also a selection out of Frank 105. In our trials it is a bit more loose then F 105-S. Yield seemts to be a bit less. A relatively new selection which was called F 105/7/5. In years with very bad weather at flowering time, there could be a problem with coulure, but we never had quanitities less then 100 kg/ar. We think a selection worthwhile to keep in mind.

 

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Loose-bunched clones

Mariafeld types:

Clones descending from a Pinot noir variation in Switzerland we call Mariafeld clones. These clones are all very vigorous with long and loose bunches, big berries and higher acidity then traditional clones. They were increasingly planted in Germany from the beginning of the 90s. Sometimes they are discussed quite controversial, because of the high acidity and the more lean wines.

They have the great advantage, that also in years with high humidity before harvesting time, they don't get Botrytis, so it is still possible to make red vine.

Because of their resistance to Botrytis and the high acidity they suit very well for sparkling wines.

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FR 12 L

This is a typical member of the Mariafeld group. With his very loose bunches and relatively big berries it is quite resistant against Botrytis.

 

 

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FR 13 L

This clone is quite similar to FR 12 L. Procutivity is even a bit higher and acidity a bit lower (0.5 - 1 g/l).

 

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We M 1

This is the Mariafeld type clone of the LVWO Weinsberg.

 

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Not Mariafeld types

These loose-bunched clones doesn't descend from the Mariafeld, but they look quite similar to them. The big difference is, that the acidity is definetly lower then the Mariafeld types.

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Gm 1- group

To these group belong al the Pinot noir clones of the "Forschungsanstalt Geisenheim" which start with 1-. The differences in this group are quite small. 

 

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Gm 1-1

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Gm 1-44

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Mixed-size berries clones

This group of clones has bunches with mixed berry size's. Because there are also very small berries the bunches doesn't get that tight. So they are more resistant to Botrytis. Also the wines you get out of this grapes have a very good colour and good structure, because the relation of skin to must is very good

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Gm 20- group

These are also clones of the Forschungsanstalt Geisenheim. They always have shot berries. Because of this they should not be grafted on too vigorous rootstocks and not planted on vigorous soils.

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Gm 20-13

This is a typicall member of this group with mixed-size berries

 

 

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Gm 20-16

The bunches of this clone are short, so you could think that they are cut off.

 

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Gm 20-19

This clone is quite similar to Gm 20-13, but it can have even more of this small berries. So the producitivity is less.

 

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Gm 20-20

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Freiburg 14- group

This group show the typicall characteristics of the mixed-size berries clones, but sometimes not that clear as for example Gm 20-13.

Originally this group consisted of the following clones:

Name

old Name

FR 1401

EA 86-1

FR 1402

EA 86-3

FR 1403

EA 86-6

FR 1404

EA 86-11

FR 1405

EA 94-062

FR 1406

EA 96-126

 

It seems, that only Fr 1401 will be propagated in future, because it is the best one of this group.

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FR 1401

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Freiburg 18- group

In addition to the characteristics of the mixed-size berries clones, tha berries of this group are selected on being more aromtic. As a result the wines are very strong and have a very dark colour. We think possibly the most promising Pinot Noir clone of the Weinbauinstitut in Freiburg.

 

Originally this group consisted of the following clones:

Name

oldName

FR 1801

EA 94-27

FR 1802

EA 94-28

FR 1803

EA 94-29

But it seems, that only th FR 1801 will be propagated in the future.

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FR 1801

Since 2007 this clone became the most planted Pinot Noir clone in Baden, maybe also in Germany.

Very good resistance to Botrytis because of the loose bunches and good but not too high productivity on one side and very good wine results with very good sugar content and very good colour on the other side are the reason for this.

 

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Small clustered and tight

This types have smaller bunches, but they are mostly very tight and therefore susceptible to Botrytis.

 

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ENTAV-INRA® 115

This is an old clone from burgundy, who always brought good wines. Because it is very susceptible to Botrytis it is very rarely planted in Germany.

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ENTAV-INRA® 777

This is a selection auf auf clone 115. It is a little bit looser than this with also very good wine reviews.

Because of it's very good wine results it is often used for high quality red wines with barrel ageing. The prouctivity is less then most of the standard-clones. 

 

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ENTAV-INRA® 828

A new quality clone from France

 

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Freiburg 19- group

In this group belong the small clustered clones from the Weinbauinstitut in Freiburg, but because of the high susceptibility to Botrytis they will no more be propagated.

This group consisted of the following clones:

Name

old Name

FR 1901

EA 79-80

FR 1902

EA 79-83

FR 1903

EA 96-132

FR 1904

EA 96-138

FR 1905

EA 96-143

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FR 10

This is an older small and tight bunched from the Weinbauinstitut Freiburg. His wines were always rated very good, but how all members of this group the problem with Botrytis is also big. Because of this it is only planted very seldom.

 

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Pinot droit type clones

Pinot droit types are clones which grow straight upright. The foliage treatment is definetly easier. Another characteristic is that the leaves also stand upright, so that the fruiting zone is relatively free of leaves, which is an advantage in Botrytis management.

 

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Pinot droit tight-bunched clones

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Freiburg 17- group

This group consists of the following clones:

Name

old Name

FR 1701

EA 79-82

FR 1702

EA 91-01

FR 1703

EA 96-124

FR 1704

EA 96-127

FR 1705

EA 96-128

FR 1706

EA 96-130

FR 1707

EA 95

FR 1708

FR 10 A

The high susceptibility to Botrytis will inhibit a high propagation of this clone. If somebody wants Pinot droit they normally take a member of the 16- group.

 

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Gm 2- group

These are the Pinot droit types from Geisenheim. 

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Gm 2-2

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Gm 2-6

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Pinot droit types slightly loose

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Freiburg 16- group

This gropu consists of the following clones:

Name

old Name

FR 1601

EA 86-8

FR 1602

EA 86-10

FR 1603

EA 86-13

FR 1604

EA 86-14

FR 1605

EA 96-066

FR 1606

EA 96-093

This group combines the advantages of the Pinot droit types with  slightly loose bunches. But the looseness by far not that good as it is at the mixed-size berries clones. For the moment FR 1604 s the most planted clone of this group.

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FR 1602

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FR 1603

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FR 1604

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